Injury in laparoscopic surgery

A prospective study was made to evaluate injury caused by laparoscopic surgery, in terms of physiological response. Two groups of patients were established: Group 1 (laparoscopic surgery, n = 26) and Group 2 (open surgery, n = 18). The groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), duration of surgery, and anesthetic technique. Both groups exhibited significant postoperative increases in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), growth hormone (GH), insulin, and cortisol (p < 0.05), with a significant decrease in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and T3 (p < 0.05). Significant increases were noted in 24-h urine cortisol and catecholamine levels in Group 2 (p < 0.05). No correlation was noted between the duration of surgery and the intensity of neuroendocrine response. Acute-phase postoperative metabolic response was greater in Group 2 and was correlated to the duration of surgery. No postoperative hydrosaline or acid-base alterations were recorded in either group. Injury was graded in terms of neuroendocrine and metabolic response and proved highest in Group 2. Complex laparoscopic surgery (e.g., sigmoid colon and esophageal hiatus) exhibited the least neuroendocrine response, whereas laparoscopic inguinal hernioplasty involved the least metabolic response. To conclude, laparoscopic surgery globally involves less neuroendocrine and metabolic response than does open surgery.