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The impact of interfacial interactions on poliovirus infectivity in detergent-treated cell monolayer cultures
1Institut für Umwelt- und Tierhygiene sowie Tiermedizin-460, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Abstract:
Monolayer cultures of Buffalo green monkey (BGM) kidney cells were inoculated with different aqueous solutions of anionic detergents prior to infection with polio-myelitisvirus type 1 (PMV-1). Alteration of inoculated cell culture monolayers was assessed by polarized light microscopy. Based on their visual appearance, altered monolayers were arbitrarily assigned different rating categories (r.c.) ranging from 1 to 8. For each detergent concentration, the rate of monolayer destruction was recorded and graphically integrated into the plots of r.c. against detergent concentration. In addition to a direct detergent-mediated alteration of the cellular monolayers, inoculation of detergent-conditioned BGM cultures with PMV-1 apparently affected virus-mediated alteration as well. The type of alteration as well as the initial rate of cytopathic destruction of the monolayer depended on several factors including the stereochemical properties of the detergent used, the final detergent concentration as well as the organic content and inoculation volume of the preconditioning solution, and the infectious titer of the viral inoculum. Moreover, infectivity kinetics revealed that cytopathic effects may be reactivated after a period of viral inhibition. In this way, at least two cycles of virus generation successively alternating with cell proliferation could be recorded simply by supplementing the system with energy for growth. From the presented results, it became apparent that modifications of cell surface activity contribute to virus infectivity mechanisms. Since treatment of aqueous PMV-1 suspensions has been previously described to largely affect viral infectious titers, viral uptake seems to be triggered by the phase behavior of viral particles upon contact with the plasma membrane. Therefore, aquatic samples that have been treated with anionic detergents in order to optimize virus isolation rates should be extensively washed prior to inoculation on cell culture.
Insights
Anionic detergents alter cell cultures and affect poliovirus infectivity. Washing detergent-treated samples before inoculation is crucial for accurate virus isolation and understanding viral uptake mechanisms.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Anionic detergents are used to optimize virus isolation rates.
- The effect of detergents on cell cultures and subsequent viral infection is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of anionic detergents on Buffalo green monkey (BGM) kidney cell monolayers.
- To determine how detergent treatment of cell cultures influences poliovirus type 1 (PMV-1) infection and cytopathic effects.
Main Methods:
- BGM cell monolayers were treated with anionic detergents before PMV-1 infection.
- Cellular alterations were assessed using polarized light microscopy and assigned rating categories.
- Virus infectivity kinetics and cytopathic destruction rates were monitored.
Main Results:
- Detergent concentration and properties influenced cell monolayer alteration and virus-mediated destruction.
- Detergent pre-treatment of cell cultures affected poliovirus infectivity and cytopathic effects.
- Viral inhibition followed by reactivation of cytopathic effects was observed, indicating multiple infection cycles.
Conclusions:
- Cell surface modifications induced by anionic detergents play a role in virus infectivity mechanisms.
- Viral uptake appears to be influenced by the behavior of viral particles at the plasma membrane.
- Thorough washing of detergent-treated samples is essential before cell culture inoculation to ensure reliable virus isolation.