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Central auditory aging: GABA changes in the inferior colliculus

D M Caspary1, J C Milbrandt, R H Helfert

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield 62702, USA.

Experimental Gerontology
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Age-related hearing loss involves changes in the central auditory system. Studies show altered GABA neurotransmitter function in the inferior colliculus, impacting speech processing in the elderly.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) affects speech understanding and sound localization in the elderly.
  • Central (neural) presbycusis can cause significant speech comprehension deficits disproportionate to pure-tone threshold changes.
  • Neurochemical alterations in central auditory pathways are understudied despite evidence suggesting they contribute to age-related auditory dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neurochemical basis of central auditory dysfunction in aging.
  • To examine age-related changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter function within the inferior colliculus, a key auditory midbrain structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the F344 rat model to study aging in the central auditory system.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Assessed various markers of GABAergic neurotransmission, including neuronal counts, GABA levels, release, enzyme activity, and receptor binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed decreased numbers of GABA-immunoreactive neurons and reduced basal GABA concentrations in the aging inferior colliculus.
    • Found decreased GABA release, diminished glutamic acid decarboxylase activity, and reduced GABAB receptor binding.
    • Identified decreased numbers of presynaptic terminals and subtle changes in GABAA receptor binding.

    Conclusions:

    • Age-related alterations in GABA neurotransmitter function are evident in the rat inferior colliculus.
    • These neurochemical changes suggest a significant role for GABAergic system dysfunction in central presbycusis.
    • Understanding these specific neurotransmitter alterations could inform the development of pharmacotherapies for age-related hearing impairments.