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A 4/21 tandem fusion in cattle

L E Pinheiro¹, T B Carvalho, D A Oliveira

¹Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Zootechny, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

|January 1, 1995

Summary

A rare bovine blood chimera case revealed a heifer with normal female cells and male cells containing a tandem fusion of chromosomes 4 and 21. This genetic anomaly, a dicentric chromosome, was observed without other physical abnormalities.

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Area of Science:

Veterinary Genetics
Cytogenetics
Reproductive Biology

Background:

Bovine freemartinism is a common pseudohermaphroditism in heterosexual twins.
Chromosomal abnormalities can lead to intersex conditions and developmental issues in cattle.

Observation:

A newborn Holstein-Friesian heifer presented as a blood chimera, possessing both normal female (XX) and male (XY) cell lines.
The male cell line exhibited a unique tandem fusion of chromosome 4 and chromosome 21, forming a dicentric chromosome (tan 4:21).
This dicentric chromosome was the longest acrocentric chromosome identified in the male cells.

Findings:

The heifer displayed characteristics consistent with the freemartin condition but no other discernible phenotypic abnormalities.
Despite analysis of 20 newborn bull calves, the male co-twin could not be identified, suggesting in utero demise or misidentification.

Related Experiment Videos

The study documents a novel chromosomal rearrangement in a chimeric bovine individual.

Implications:

This case highlights the complex genetic and developmental interactions in chimeric cattle.
Understanding such chromosomal anomalies is crucial for genetic diagnostics and breeding programs in livestock.
Further research into the stability and effects of dicentric chromosomes in cattle is warranted.