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Gender differences and aging: effects on the human heart

G Olivetti¹, G Giordano, D Corradi

¹Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla 10595, USA.

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

|October 1, 1995

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Aging preserves heart structure in women, unlike men, who experience significant myocyte loss and hypertrophy. This study highlights gender differences in cardiac aging, suggesting a role in longevity disparities.

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Science
Gerontology
Human Anatomy

Background:

Differences in lifespan between sexes may stem from better myocardial structure preservation in aging female hearts.
The hypothesis posits that aging impacts cardiac integrity differently across genders.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related changes in myocyte size and number within the ventricles of female and male hearts.
To compare the effects of aging on myocardial structure in women versus men.

Main Methods:

Applied morphometric methodologies to analyze ventricular myocyte number and size in 53 women and 53 men (ages 17-95).
Determined age-related changes in mononucleated and binucleated myocytes using enzymatically dissociated cells.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

Female hearts showed preserved ventricular myocardial mass, myocyte number, cell diameter, and volume with aging.
Male hearts lost approximately 1 g of myocardium per year, equating to about 64 million cells, affecting both ventricles.
Remaining myocytes in males exhibited increased cell volume (158-167 microns³/year).

Conclusions:

Aging does not induce myocyte loss or reactive hypertrophy in women.
Gender differences significantly influence the detrimental effects of cardiac aging.