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Eating disorders: current nutrition therapy and perceived needs in dietetics education and research
1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, USA.
Objective:
Research was conducted to obtain a profile of nutrition therapy currently in practice for patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia/bulimia (mixed diagnosis) and to identify the areas of dietetics education and research regarding eating disorders that need more attention.
Design:
A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted by mailing a questionnaire composed of open- and closed-ended questions to US dietitians who work with patients who have eating disorders.
Sample:
Of 199 dietitians selected from a list of 495 representing all geographic areas of the United States, 117 responded. The list was obtained from a national referral network for eating disorders.
Statistical Analysis:
chi 2 Analysis was completed on all closed-ended answers. Pearson's correlation coefficient with a value of P < .05 was considered significant.
Results:
Nutrition therapy administered varied among dietitians treating inpatients, outpatients, and both. Three community groups were identified as most important to reach for prevention of eating disorders: junior high school students, coaches, and parents. Crucial areas of research were perceived by 94 dietitians to be comparative effectiveness of techniques of medical nutrition therapy (n = 55) and of techniques of prevention (n = 26) and increased understanding of etiology in relation to identification of high-risk groups and prevention (n = 21). Dietitians desired further information on multiple topics related to eating disorders.
Application:
Medical nutrition therapy for eating disorders is a specialization that requires education and training beyond the minimum required for dietetic registration. Some of the techniques required are unique to this specialization due, in part, to the psychological nature of the disorders. All dietitians, however, must be able to recognize and refer patients with eating disorders; these skills must be included in basic undergraduate programs and internships. This study supports the need for more research concerning the outcomes of nutrition therapy and the effectiveness of prevention programs.