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Preschoolers' strategic behavior and performance on a same-different task

P H Miller1, P A Aloise-Young

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611 USA.

Journal of Experimental Child Psychology
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Preschoolers showed strategic behavior in a task comparing arrays. While using a specific strategy helped, they didn't always improve with more practice, indicating a utilization issue.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Cognition

Background:

  • Preschoolers' strategic behavior is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Understanding how young children utilize strategies informs educational practices.
  • Previous research highlights both production and utilization deficiencies in children's strategy use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine preschoolers' strategic behavior on a same-different judgment task.
  • To investigate the role of the "vertical-pairs" strategy in preschoolers' performance.
  • To explore strategy production and utilization deficiencies in young children.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-six 3- and 4-year-old children participated.
  • Children used a door-opening task to view parts of two arrays.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Performance was analyzed in relation to the "vertical-pairs" strategy use.

    • Main Results:

    • Children moderately used the "vertical-pairs" strategy, which aided performance.
    • Explicit instruction or external execution of the strategy improved judgments for nonstrategic children.
    • Increased spontaneous strategy use did not consistently enhance performance, suggesting a utilization deficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • Preschoolers exhibit a strategy utilization deficiency, where they do not always benefit from strategies they can produce.
    • Strategy development in young children is diverse and not always developmentally progressive.
    • Further research is needed to understand the nuances of strategy acquisition and application in early childhood.