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In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial action of fluphenazine
S G Dastidar1, A Chaudhury, S Annadurai
1Dept of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Calcutta, India.
Abstract:
The antipsychotic drug fluphenazine was obtained in a dry powder form and was screened with respect to 482 strains of bacteria, which included 170 Gram-positive and 326 Gram-negative strains. Nutrient agar plates containing increasing concentrations of fluphenazine (0-200 micrograms/ml) were used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) which was demonstrated by inoculating a loopful of an overnight peptone water culture of the organism on nutrient agar plates and determining the MIC against a control. Fluphenazine was detected to possess pronounced action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 20-100 micrograms/ml. In the in vivo studies it was seen that when fluphenazine was used at a concentration of 1.5 micrograms/g and 3 micrograms/g mouse body weight both the levels offered significant protection to Swiss strain of white mice when challenged with 50 minimum lethal dose (MLD) of a virulent strain of Salmonella typhimurium 74. The in vivo data with fluphenazine were highly significant (p < 0.001) according to the chi-square test.
Insights
The antipsychotic drug fluphenazine demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In vivo studies showed fluphenazine provided substantial protection to mice against Salmonella typhimurium infection.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Pharmacology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- The study investigates the potential antibacterial properties of fluphenazine, an established antipsychotic medication.
- Bacterial infections pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic agents.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of fluphenazine against a broad spectrum of bacterial strains.
- To assess the in vivo protective effects of fluphenazine against a virulent bacterial challenge in a murine model.
Main Methods:
- Fluphenazine's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against 482 bacterial strains (170 Gram-positive, 326 Gram-negative) using nutrient agar plates.
- In vivo studies involved challenging Swiss mice with Salmonella typhimurium (50 minimum lethal dose) and administering fluphenazine at concentrations of 1.5 and 3 micrograms/g body weight.
Main Results:
- Fluphenazine exhibited pronounced antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria within the concentration range of 20-100 micrograms/ml.
- Fluphenazine administration significantly protected mice against Salmonella typhimurium challenge at both tested concentrations (p < 0.001).
Conclusions:
- Fluphenazine possesses notable in vitro antibacterial activity against a diverse range of bacteria.
- The drug demonstrates significant in vivo efficacy in protecting against bacterial infection, suggesting potential for repurposing in infectious disease treatment.