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Measurements of shaft speed while drilling through bone
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Toronto Hospital, Canada.
Summary
Drilling bone with higher force and speed may reduce energy consumption and bone temperature, potentially improving surgical outcomes. This study measured drill speed and energy use under varying forces.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanical Engineering
- Surgical Technology
Background:
- Optimizing surgical drilling parameters is crucial for minimizing bone trauma and improving procedural efficiency.
- Understanding the relationship between applied force, drill speed, and energy consumption is essential for developing advanced surgical tools.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of applied force on surgical drill speed.
- To quantify the energy consumed during the bone drilling process under varying conditions.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a commercial surgical drill equipped with a custom speedometer for precise rotational speed measurement.
- Applied controlled forces (1.5–9.0 N) and measured energy consumption during drilling of bovine cortical bone at speeds ranging from 20,000 to 100,000 rpm.
- Integrated a load cell to accurately measure applied forces and monitor drill performance.
Main Results:
- Drill speed exhibited dependency on applied force; at low initial speeds, speed slightly increased with force, while at high initial speeds, speed decreased by up to 50%.
- Total energy consumption generally decreased with increasing speed and force, largely attributed to reduced drilling time.
- Demonstrated a clear correlation between drilling parameters and energy efficiency.
Conclusions:
- Drilling bone at high speeds with substantial force may lead to reduced energy consumption.
- The findings suggest that optimizing force and speed could be beneficial for minimizing intraoperative bone temperature, a critical factor in preventing thermal necrosis.