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Polyneuropathy in juvenile dermatomyositis

S A Vogelgesang1, J Gutierrez, G L Klipple

  • 1Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC 20307-5000, USA.

The Journal of Rheumatology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) can rarely cause polyneuropathy, a nerve disorder. This condition may be linked to skin lesions and endothelial damage, leading to nerve ischemia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Juvenile dermatomyositis (DM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.
  • Neurological complications are rare in juvenile DM.

Observation:

  • Two patients with juvenile DM presented with distinct clinical polyneuropathies.
  • Associated symptoms included ulcerative skin lesions and elevated Factor VIII related antigen.
  • Muscle and nerve biopsies were performed for detailed analysis.

Findings:

  • Muscle biopsies showed perifascicular atrophy and microinfarcts, characteristic of juvenile DM.
  • Sural nerve biopsies revealed axonal degeneration.
  • Electron microscopy identified capillary endothelial inclusions, indicative of early endothelial injury.

Implications:

  • Polyneuropathy is a rare but significant complication of juvenile DM.
  • The findings suggest nerve ischemia secondary to endothelial damage as the underlying mechanism.
  • This highlights the importance of considering neurological involvement in juvenile DM patients with specific clinical presentations.

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