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Immunocytochemistry of Kaposi's sarcoma-like tumor cells from pigtailed macaques with simian AIDS
Abstract:
Some macaques infected with SRV-2 developed SAIDS and RF, a Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-like tumor. We investigated the immunophenotypic markers of this SAIDS-associated retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF). RF tumor is characterized by proliferation of spindle cells accompanying inflammatory cell infiltrates, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. RF spindle cells in tumor tissues revealed several immunobiologic characteristics similar to vascular smooth-muscle cells or myofibroblasts based on positive immunoreactivity of smooth-muscle alpha-actin and desmin. The majority of cultured RF spindle cells also expressed specific markers for vascular smooth muscle. These results suggest that the RF spindle cells are derived from vascular smooth-muscle cells. Furthermore, RF tissues and cells were persistently infected with SRV-2, which may play an important role in viral etiology of AIDS-associated neoplasm in this macaque model.
Insights
Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS)-associated retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF) in macaques involves spindle cells. These cells originate from vascular smooth muscle and are persistently infected with simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2).
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Oncology
- Pathology
Background:
- Simian acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (SAIDS) can manifest as retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF), a Kaposi's sarcoma-like tumor.
- The cellular origins and viral associations of RF in this macaque model require further investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the immunophenotypic markers of SAIDS-associated RF.
- To determine the cellular origin of RF spindle cells.
- To explore the role of simian retrovirus type 2 (SRV-2) in RF development.
Main Methods:
- Immunohistochemical analysis of RF tumor tissues to identify cellular markers.
- Cell culture of RF spindle cells to assess their immunobiologic characteristics.
- Detection of SRV-2 in RF tissues and cells.
Main Results:
- RF tumors exhibit spindle cell proliferation with inflammatory infiltrates.
- RF spindle cells express markers consistent with vascular smooth muscle cells (e.g., alpha-actin, desmin).
- Cultured RF spindle cells predominantly express vascular smooth muscle markers.
- Persistent SRV-2 infection was confirmed in RF tissues and cells.
Conclusions:
- RF spindle cells in this macaque model are likely derived from vascular smooth muscle cells.
- SRV-2 infection plays a potential role in the viral etiology of this AIDS-associated neoplasm.
- This macaque model provides insights into the pathogenesis of SAIDS-associated tumors.