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Tandem genes and clustered genes

G J Graham1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|July 7, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Gene repetition occurs in tandem arrays and clusters. Tandem arrays rapidly change size and maintain gene family numbers, while clusters are stable and increase genetic complexity, with tandem arrays potentially evolving into clusters.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Gene repetition is a fundamental genomic feature.
  • Two distinct patterns of gene repetition exist: tandem arrays and gene clusters.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for comprehending gene family evolution and regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and differentiate between tandem gene arrays and gene clusters.
  • To elucidate the distinct homogenization mechanisms and evolutionary properties of each pattern.
  • To explore the potential evolutionary transition from tandem arrays to gene clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of gene repetition patterns.
  • Examination of homogenization mechanisms (unequal recombination and gene conversion).
  • Assessment of gene family size dynamics and genetic complexity.

Main Results:

  • Tandem arrays feature head-to-tail repeats, homogenized by unequal recombination and gene conversion, allowing rapid size changes and maintaining gene family size.
  • Gene clusters have linked but irregularly spaced genes, homogenized primarily by gene conversion, are stable in number, and can increase genetic complexity.
  • Tandem arrays can evolve into gene clusters, often through inversions that inhibit unequal recombination while preserving gene conversion.

Conclusions:

  • Tandem arrays and gene clusters represent distinct strategies for managing gene repetition with different evolutionary consequences.
  • The transition from tandem arrays to clusters may occur under specific selective pressures that alter homogenization dynamics.
  • Gene clusters may offer greater long-term stability and act as a form of genetic memory, as seen in fish antifreeze protein genes.

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