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Fraud and hoaxes in science

W H James1

  • 1Department of Genetics and Biometry, University College London, UK.

Nature
|October 12, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Scientific fraud, like errors, is a normal aspect of scientific progress and cannot be eliminated by legislation. This study examines the inherent nature of scientific misconduct and its place within the scientific community.

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of Science
  • Scientific Ethics

Background:

  • Recent increase in moral condemnation of scientific fraud.
  • Scientific fraud is often viewed as an anomaly rather than a normal occurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the nature of scientific fraud within the scientific process.
  • To challenge the notion that fraud can be legislated out of science.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of scientific integrity and misconduct.
  • Review of historical and philosophical perspectives on scientific error and fraud.

Main Results:

  • Scientific fraud is an inherent, albeit undesirable, component of scientific practice.
  • The conservative nature of the scientific community influences reactions to fraud.

Conclusions:

  • Legislation and moral condemnation are insufficient to eradicate scientific fraud.
  • Accepting fraud as a normal part of science is necessary for realistic management.
Keywords:
Biomedical and Behavioral Research

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