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Maternal anthropometry and idiopathic preterm labor

M S Kramer1, A L Coates, M C Michoud

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|November 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Maternal short stature, low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and inadequate gestational weight gain increase the risk of idiopathic preterm labor. These factors may contribute to shorter gestation periods in pregnant individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Idiopathic preterm labor is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • Identifying modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for preterm birth is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal anthropometric factors—specifically short stature, low pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), and low gestational weight gain—and the risk of idiopathic preterm labor.

Main Methods:

  • A three-center case-control study involving 555 women with idiopathic preterm labor.
  • Subsamples included early preterm labor (before 34 weeks) and recurrent preterm labor.
  • Controls were matched for race and smoking history; data collected via in-person interviews.

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Main Results:

  • Maternal height, pre-pregnancy weight, and gestational weight gain showed high reliability.
  • Short stature (≤157.5 cm) was associated with increased preterm labor risk (OR 1.85).
  • Low pre-pregnancy BMI (<19.8 kg/m²) and low gestational weight gain rate (<0.27 kg/week) also increased risk (OR 1.63 and 1.74, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal short stature, low pre-pregnancy BMI, and insufficient gestational weight gain are significant risk factors for idiopathic preterm labor.
  • These anthropometric factors may contribute to shortened gestation by elevating the risk of preterm birth.