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MR and CT imaging patterns in post-varicella encephalitis

C F Darling1, M B Larsen, S E Byrd

  • 1Division of Neuroimaging, Children's Memorial Center, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL 60614, USA.

Pediatric Radiology
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Post-varicella encephalitis can cause distinct brain imaging patterns, particularly affecting the basal ganglia or diffuse cerebral areas. Recognizing these computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) findings aids in differentiating it from other neurological conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Post-varicella encephalitis is a rare neurological complication following varicella (chickenpox) infection.
  • Understanding its neuroimaging patterns is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A retrospective review of four children (ages 2-11) with post-varicella encephalitis was conducted.
  • Clinical data and neuroimaging (CT and MR) findings were analyzed.

Findings:

  • Two distinct patterns of cerebral involvement were identified on CT and MR imaging.
  • Pattern 1: Bilateral, symmetric basal ganglia lesions (hypodense on CT, low T1/high T2 signal on MR), often associated with parkinsonian symptoms.
  • Pattern 2: Diffuse, multiple gray and white matter lesions, with some enhancement, in a child without gait disturbances.

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Implications:

  • Neuroimaging findings in post-varicella encephalitis can be characteristic, aiding differentiation from other etiologies like trauma, anoxia, metabolic, or demyelinating diseases.
  • CT and MR imaging play a vital role in diagnosing post-varicella encephalitis when combined with clinical presentation and varicella history.