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Late and acute adverse reactions to iohexol in a pediatric population
R Mikkonen1, T Kontkanen, L Kivisaari
1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, Meilahti, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Insights
This study found that acute reactions to nonionic contrast media occurred in 1.9% of pediatric patients, with asthma and prior reactions as risk factors. Late reactions affected 6.2%, particularly younger children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Radiology
- Pharmacovigilance
- Medical Imaging
Background:
- Contrast media are essential for pediatric urography and CT scans.
- Understanding adverse reactions in children is crucial for safe imaging practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of acute and late adverse reactions to nonionic contrast medium (iohexol) in Finnish children.
- To identify risk factors associated with these reactions.
Main Methods:
- A prospective study involving 321 children under 19 years undergoing urography or CT with iohexol.
- Data collection via questionnaires with a 73.2% return rate for adverse event reporting up to 24 hours post-injection.
Main Results:
- Acute adverse reactions were observed in 1.9% of pediatric patients, with a higher incidence in the 24-40 kg weight range.
- Asthma and a history of contrast medium reactions were identified as significant risk factors for acute reactions.
- Late reactions occurred in 6.2% of patients, predominantly in children weighing less than 24 kg.
Conclusions:
- Nonionic contrast media like iohexol demonstrate a low incidence of acute and late reactions in the pediatric population.
- Specific patient factors, including weight and pre-existing conditions like asthma, influence the risk of adverse events.
Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acute and late reactions after contrast-medium injection in the Finnish paediatric population. From March 1989 to November 1990, 321 children under 19 years of age were examined with a nonionic contrast medium, iohexol, for urography and CT. The follow-up time for late reactions was up to 24 h after the contrast-medium injection. The return rate for the questionnaires given to patients to record their reactions was 73.2%. Acute adverse reaction was noted in 1.9% of the patients, with the most frequent reactions being in the weight range 24-40 kg. Asthma and previous reaction to contrast medium are risk factors for acute reaction. Late reactions were found in 6.2% of the patients, most frequently in children weighing under 24 kg.