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[Case report: polycythemia in a horse]

R Steiger1, K Feige

  • 1Klinik für Wiederkäuer- und Pferdemedizin der Universität Zürich.

Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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This study details a Thoroughbred gelding diagnosed with polycythemia vera, a condition of elevated red blood cells. Despite treatment, the condition persisted, leading to euthanasia and revealing a lung tumor and liver fibrosis.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Polycythemia, characterized by an abnormally high concentration of red blood cells, can be primary or secondary to other conditions.
  • Differentiating between primary polycythemia (polycythemia vera) and secondary polycythemia is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment in horses.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding presented with collapse during exercise, exhibiting a significantly elevated packed cell volume (PCV) of 72%.
  • Despite aggressive fluid therapy and phlebotomy, the PCV remained high, indicating a persistent erythrocytosis.
  • Clinical signs were minimal, with normal appetite and arterial blood gas values, complicating the initial assessment.

Findings:

  • Liver biopsy revealed severe fibrosis, and post-mortem examination identified a lung granular cell myoblastoma and abdominal aortic thrombosis.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Bone marrow aspirate showed activated erythropoietic cells, consistent with polycythemia.
  • The definitive diagnosis was polycythemia vera, although secondary polycythemia due to the lung neoplasm was considered unlikely.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of thorough diagnostic workup in equine polycythemia, including advanced imaging and histopathology.
    • The presence of concurrent conditions like liver fibrosis and neoplasia can influence the presentation and prognosis of polycythemia in horses.
    • Accurate diagnosis is essential for guiding treatment strategies and understanding the underlying pathophysiology of erythrocytosis in equine patients.