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Convulsions in childhood malaria

Y Wattanagoon1, S Srivilairit, S Looareesuwan

  • 1Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
|July 1, 1994
PubMed
Summary

Malaria convulsions in children, even without cerebral malaria, significantly increase fatal outcomes. Plasmodium falciparum malaria is specifically linked to these dangerous convulsions in young children.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Malaria remains a significant pediatric health concern, particularly in endemic regions.
  • Understanding complications like convulsions is crucial for effective management.
  • Cerebral malaria is a known severe manifestation, but non-coma convulsions also warrant investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence and outcomes of malaria-related convulsions in children.
  • To determine the risk factors and specific Plasmodium species associated with convulsions.
  • To evaluate the fatality associated with convulsions in the absence of cerebral malaria.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective survey of 2911 children admitted with malaria.
  • Data collected from four provincial hospitals in eastern Thailand (1977-1987).

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  • Analysis of malaria types (Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, mixed) and clinical presentations (cerebral malaria, convulsions, consciousness).

    • Main Results:

    • 3.3% of children had cerebral malaria (22% mortality).
    • 7.7% had convulsions without coma (4 deaths).
    • Convulsions without coma had a 9.2-fold increased risk of fatality (P=0.004) and were more common in children under 3 and associated with P. falciparum.

    Conclusions:

    • Convulsions are a critical complication in pediatric malaria, even without coma.
    • Plasmodium falciparum infection is significantly associated with malaria-induced convulsions.
    • Prompt recognition and management of convulsions are vital for improving outcomes in pediatric malaria cases.