Squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter with marked leukocytosis producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

This paper describes a case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the ureter which showed marked leukocytosis without any evidence of infection and hematologic malignancies. The level of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) assayed by enzyme immunoassay increased and the immunohistochemical staining of the ureter tumor showed the presence of G-CSF in tumor cells. These findings indicate that SCC of the ureter produced G-CSF which stimulated leukocyte production in bone marrow and resulted in leukocytosis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ureter tumor with leukocytosis producing G-CSF.