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Transformations between epithelium and mesenchyme: normal, pathological, and experimentally induced

E D Hay1, A Zuk

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115-6092, USA.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases : the Official Journal of the National Kidney Foundation
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reverse (MET) are crucial in embryonic development. These processes, involving specific molecular signals, may play significant roles in kidney diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Renal Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Epithelium and mesenchyme are fundamental tissue types.
  • Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET) are key developmental processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define EMT and MET.
  • To describe the molecular mechanisms driving EMT and MET during embryonic development.
  • To highlight the potential roles of EMT and MET in renal pathologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on EMT and MET.
  • Description of molecular factors promoting EMT and MET (e.g., growth factors, matrix molecules, gene products).
  • Presentation of laboratory studies involving integrins, E-cadherin, and cell culture models.

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Main Results:

  • Metanephric blastema differentiation exemplifies MET, promoted by specific matrix molecules, growth factors, and gene products (wnt-1, wnt-4, Pax-2).
  • In vitro studies show EMT induction by anti-E-cadherin antibodies, viral oncogenes, and collagen gel manipulation.
  • Laboratory findings indicate alpha 5 beta 1 integrin's role in lens epithelium EMT and E-cadherin's role in inducing corneal fibroblast MET.

Conclusions:

  • EMT and MET are fundamental cellular transformations in development.
  • Specific molecular cues regulate these transitions.
  • Further investigation into EMT and MET involvement in kidney development, injury, and cancer is warranted.