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Single umbilical artery: does it matter which artery is missing?

A Z Abuhamad1, W Shaffer, G Mari

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk 23507, USA.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|September 1, 1995
PubMed
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The left umbilical artery is more commonly absent in fetuses with a single umbilical artery. Complex and cytogenetic anomalies exclusively occurred in fetuses with left umbilical artery absence.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Fetal Development
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • A single umbilical artery (SUA) is a rare condition.
  • SUA is associated with an increased risk of fetal anomalies.
  • The side of the missing umbilical artery may influence anomaly risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the side of the missing umbilical artery and the presence of congenital anomalies in fetuses with SUA.
  • To determine if the side of arterial absence correlates with specific types of fetal anomalies.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 77 pregnancies with SUA over 18 months.
  • Identification of the absent umbilical artery side (left or right).
  • Targeted sonograms and perinatal follow-up for all cases.

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Main Results:

  • Absence of the left umbilical artery occurred in 73% of fetuses, versus 27% for the right.
  • Congenital anomalies were present in 26% of fetuses with SUA.
  • Complex and cytogenetic anomalies exclusively occurred in fetuses with left umbilical artery absence.

Conclusions:

  • The left umbilical artery is more frequently absent in fetuses with SUA.
  • Absence of the left umbilical artery is linked to a higher incidence of complex and cytogenetic anomalies.
  • Isolated SUA does not appear to increase the incidence of small-for-gestational-age fetuses.