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Gender-associated differences in emergency department pain management

K A Raftery1, R Smith-Coggins, A H Chen

  • 1Stanford University-Kaiser Permanente Emergency Medicine Residency Program, Department of Surgery, California, USA.

Annals of Emergency Medicine
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Female patients with pain report more severe symptoms and receive stronger medications. However, patient-reported pain severity, not gender, was the primary driver of pain management decisions in the emergency department.

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Area of Science:

  • Emergency Medicine
  • Pain Management
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Patient and provider gender dynamics can influence healthcare decisions.
  • Understanding factors affecting pain management in emergency departments (EDs) is crucial for equitable care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between patient/provider gender and medication practices for ED patients presenting with headache, neck pain, or back pain.
  • To identify predictors of medication administration in acute pain scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study conducted at Stanford University Hospital ED.
  • Included 190 adult patients with chief complaints of headache, neck pain, or back pain and 84 healthcare providers.
  • Analyzed ED administration of analgesics, medication strength, and number of medications prescribed.

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Main Results:

  • Female patients reported and were perceived to experience more pain than male patients.
  • Female patients received more medications, were less likely to receive no medication, and were prescribed more potent analgesics.
  • Patient pain perception, not patient gender, was the strongest predictor of medication number and strength.

Conclusions:

  • Female patients with specific pain complaints describe and are perceived to have greater pain severity.
  • While female patients received more potent analgesics, pain severity was the key factor influencing pain management, not gender stereotyping.
  • Pain management practices appear more closely correlated with the severity of patient-reported pain than with gender bias.