[Chemosensitivity test for thyroid cancer by in vitro MTT assay]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Thyroid cancer encompasses various subtypes, including papillary, follicular, anaplastic, and medullary carcinomas.
• Chemosensitivity varies significantly among different thyroid cancer types and between cancerous and normal tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the in vitro chemosensitivity of different thyroid cancer subtypes to common anticancer drugs.
• To compare the efficacy of chemotherapy agents between thyroid cancer and normal tissues.

Main Methods:

• In vitro MTT assay was utilized to assess the chemosensitivity of 50 thyroid cancer samples.
• Five anticancer drugs were tested: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP), adriamycin (ADM), etoposide (VP-16), and ifosfamide (IFO).

Main Results:

• Cisplatin (CDDP) showed 40.9% efficacy, and ifosfamide (IFO) showed 48.5% efficacy.
• 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and adriamycin (ADM) exhibited 0% efficacy, while etoposide (VP-16) showed 5.3% efficacy.
• Anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers were insensitive to all tested drugs. CDDP was more effective in cancer tissue than normal tissue and its efficacy was concentration-dependent.

Conclusions:

• Cisplatin (CDDP) and ifosfamide (IFO) demonstrate potential as therapeutic agents for human differentiated thyroid cancer.
• The differential efficacy of CDDP in cancer versus normal tissue suggests targeted potential.
• Anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers require alternative treatment strategies due to lack of sensitivity to tested agents.