[Vascular stroke of the brain stem. Study of 21 cases]

A prospective study was designed to follow patients with syndromes of brain stem during 12 months (in 1991-1992). The aim was to correlate clinical and radiologic findings and comparing them with the classical descriptions of brain stem syndromes. Twenty one consecutive patients were admitted at the Hospital de Base do Distrito Federal. The diagnosis and the follow up were carried out by neurological examination and neuroradiologic images: CT (100%), angiography (24%, 5) and MRI (5%, 1). Hypertension and old age were the most important risk factors and hemorrhage at pons with extension to midbrain was the most frequent finding. Coma at admission was associated to a poor outcome. The outcome was defined by the Glasgow Outcome Scale: 28% rated 5, 24% rated 4, 5% rated 3, 28% rated 2 and 14% rated 1. Our results show that the clinical presentation of ischemic strokes and hemorrhages of the brain stem very frequently follow a mixed pattern, which do not conciliate with the classical of these syndromes.