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Updated: Aug 17, 2026

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

[Plasma catecholamine level and clinical parameters--quality criteria for premedication in childhood]

U Burkhardt, B Vetter, L Wild

    Anaesthesiologie Und Reanimation
    |January 1, 1995
    PubMed

    Insights

    Intravenous midazolam effectively reduces stress hormones and improves mask acceptance in children undergoing medical procedures. This premedication method offers superior anxiolysis compared to psychological preparation or oral promethazine.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Anesthesiology
    • Pharmacology

    Background:

    • Premedication in children aims to reduce anxiety and stress during medical procedures.
    • Objective assessment of anxiolytic efficacy is crucial for optimizing pediatric care.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the anxiolytic effects of psychological preparation, intravenous midazolam, and oral promethazine in children.
    • To evaluate the impact of different premedication methods on stress hormone levels and physiological parameters.

    Main Methods:

    • Plasma levels of noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured before and after premedication.
    • Heart rate, blood pressure, and behavioral responses to a face mask were documented.
    • Three groups of 16 children (aged 3-15 years) received either psychological preparation, intravenous midazolam (0.1 mg/kg), or oral promethazine (1 mg/kg).

    Main Results:

    • Intravenous midazolam significantly reduced heart rate and blood pressure compared to other groups.
    • Adrenaline levels remained low post-premedication in the midazolam group, unlike other groups where levels increased.
    • Children receiving midazolam demonstrated better mask acceptance and anxiolysis.

    Conclusions:

    • Intravenous midazolam is a highly effective premedication for children, reducing physiological stress markers.
    • Midazolam administration leads to superior anxiolysis and better cooperation during procedures requiring face mask use.
    • Objective measures of stress hormones and physiological signs support the efficacy of intravenous midazolam in pediatric premedication.

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