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Related Experiment Videos

Screening for gastrointestinal cancer

A B Miller1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Current Opinion in Oncology
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Current gastrointestinal cancer screening methods lack strong evidence of effectiveness. Dietary modification is a preferred strategy for colorectal cancer control over screening due to broader health benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal cancer screening effectiveness lacks recent supporting evidence.
  • Gastric cancer screening, while recommended in Japan, is costly and has shown ineffectiveness in some regions.
  • Current fecal occult blood tests have limitations in sensitivity and specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the current evidence for the effectiveness of screening for gastrointestinal cancers.
  • To assess the utility of fecal occult blood testing for colorectal cancer.
  • To determine optimal strategies for gastrointestinal cancer control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on gastrointestinal cancer screening.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding fecal occult blood tests (Hemoccult) and its variants.
  • Examination of data on colorectal cancer mortality trends and potential contributing factors.

Main Results:

  • No new evidence supports the effectiveness of screening for any gastrointestinal cancer.
  • Gastric cancer screening is expensive and has demonstrated ineffectiveness.
  • Standard fecal occult blood tests have low sensitivity; improved variants still have poor specificity.
  • A major review concluded colorectal cancer screening is not recommended for routine health examinations.
  • Colorectal cancer mortality decline in North America is potentially linked to prevention, not screening.

Conclusions:

  • Current screening methods for gastrointestinal cancers are not recommended.
  • Dietary modification is a preferable strategy for colorectal cancer control due to its broader health benefits.
  • Further research may be needed to identify effective and cost-efficient screening strategies for gastrointestinal cancers.

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