A new nitric oxide (NO) releaser: spontaneous NO release from FK409

The remarkable vasorelaxant and anti-platelet effects of FK409 have been reported to be due to nitric oxide (NO) release. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the spontaneous NO-releasing pathway of FK409 in aqueous solutions. 1H-NMR spectra of FK409 suggested that the compound underwent a time-dependent elimination of the hydrogen atom at alpha-position of the nitro moiety (at the 5-position) in weakly alkaline solutions. In addition, the degradation of FK409 monitored by HPLC showed a pH-dependency accelerating with an increase of pH. These results revealed that the first step in the degradation of FK409 might be the hydroxyl ion-dependent subtraction of the hydrogen atom at the 5-position. On the other hand, NO release from FK409 also exhibited a pH-dependency, and the velocity of NO liberation was markedly enhanced above pH 6. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the rate of FK409 degradation and that of NO formation was observed, indicating that the rate-limiting step for NO formation is the same as that for degradation. Thus, the rate-limiting process of NO formation from FK409 is due to the deprotonation reaction of the hydrogen atom at the 5-position by hydroxyl ions. The deprotonation process appears to be an essential step for both FK409 degradation and NO release. On the basis of the results, a possible kinetic scheme for NO release from FK409 is proposed.