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Allergic rhinitis and olfactory loss

A J Apter1, A E Mott, M E Frank

  • 1Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center, USA.

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology : Official Publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
|October 1, 1995
PubMed
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Allergic rhinitis is frequently linked to olfactory loss. This study found a high prevalence of allergic rhinitis in patients with smell dysfunction, even without nasal polyps or sinusitis.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Allergic rhinitis is often associated with olfactory loss, but formal investigations are limited.
  • Distinguishing allergic rhinitis's impact from sinusitis or nasal polyps on smell is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of positive skin tests in patients with rhinitis and olfactory deficiency.
  • To evaluate olfactory function and skin test results in patients with chronic rhinitis but without sinusitis or nasal polyps.

Main Methods:

  • Sixty-two patients with olfactory loss and chronic rhinitis underwent history, physical examination, olfactory testing, skin testing, rhinoscopy, and CT scans.
  • Skin testing assessed reactions to perennial and seasonal allergens.
  • CT scans evaluated the paranasal sinuses for polyps or sinusitis.

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Main Results:

  • 71% of subjects had positive skin tests, with 69% positive for perennial allergens and 58% for mites.
  • 82% of patients with chronic rhinitis (no polyps/sinusitis) had positive tests; their mean olfactory score indicated moderate hyposmia.
  • Patients with polyps/sinusitis had significantly lower olfactory scores (anosmia) and 62% had positive skin tests.

Conclusions:

  • A high prevalence of allergic rhinitis is suggested by positive skin tests in patients with olfactory loss and rhinitis.
  • Olfactory loss occurs in patients without polyps or sinusitis, indicating allergic processes may directly impair olfactory function.