[Kyphoscoliosis: etiology, pathology, complications and treatment]

On the basis of the literature and authors' own experience etiology, natural history and neurological complications of kyphoscoliosis are presented. Diagnostics and spinal pathology depending on the type of kyphoscoliosis is discussed. Surgical methods of kyphoscoliosis treatment and their role in prevention of neurological complications are reviewed. Their historical evolution is shown. At present, if neurological complications exist, decompression of the spinal cord and stabilization of the spine is recommended.