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Related Experiment Videos

Calcium signalling during chemotaxis

F S Fay1, S H Gilbert, R A Brundage

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01605, USA.

Ciba Foundation Symposium
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
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Calcium (Ca2+) signals drive eosinophil movement and polarization during chemotaxis. These signals originate from internal stores released by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3), with diacylglycerol (DAG) modulating the response.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Eosinophils are crucial immune cells involved in inflammatory responses.
  • Chemotaxis, the directed movement of cells towards a chemical attractant, is fundamental to immune cell function.
  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are known secondary messengers in cellular signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific role of Ca2+ in the chemotaxis of newt eosinophils.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which Ca2+ gradients are established and maintained during directed cell migration.
  • To understand the involvement of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) in regulating Ca2+ signaling during chemotaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized fluorescent indicators and digital imaging microscopy to monitor intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Employed microinjection of heparin to block Ca2+ signals and caged InsP3 to study InsP3-mediated Ca2+ release.
  • Investigated the effects of DAG and protein kinase C (PKC) on Ca2+ signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises before eosinophil polarization in response to chemoattractant.
    • [Ca2+]i gradients (high at the tail, low at the front) are observed in polarized cells, with transient increases preceding changes in direction.
    • Ca2+ signals are dependent on internal Ca2+ stores released by InsP3 and are modulated by DAG, likely via PKC.
    • InsP3-responsive Ca2+ stores are concentrated near the nucleus and microtubule-organizing center, and InsP3 acts as a global secondary messenger.

    Conclusions:

    • Ca2+ signaling is essential for eosinophil polarization and locomotion during chemotaxis.
    • Stable [Ca2+] gradients during migration result from the localization of InsP3-sensitive Ca2+ stores.
    • Reorientation of [Ca2+] gradients is mediated by the interplay between InsP3-induced Ca2+ release and DAG/PKC-mediated local inhibition of Ca2+ influx.