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Personality attributes and affective disorders

R M Hirschfeld, G L Klerman

    The American Journal of Psychiatry
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study found that individuals with depressive disorders exhibit higher neuroticism, introversion, and obsessionality compared to manic patients or healthy individuals. Manic patients showed increased obsessionality versus controls.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Clinical Psychology
    • Personality Psychology

    Background:

    • Affective disorders, including depression and mania, are complex mental health conditions.
    • Understanding the premorbid personality traits associated with these disorders is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
    • Previous research suggests a link between personality and affective disorders, but specific trait associations require further elucidation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify specific personality characteristics associated with depressive and manic disorders.
    • To compare the premorbid personality profiles of patients with affective disorders to those of a normal population.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered a battery of self-report personality inventories to hospitalized patients with affective disorders after their acute symptoms subsided.

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  • Patients were instructed to respond based on their premorbid (pre-illness) personalities.
  • Assessed traits including neuroticism, extraversion, obsessionality, hysteria, oral patterns, and temperament stability in 73 depressive and 24 manic patients.

    • Main Results:

    • Depressive patients exhibited significantly higher levels of neuroticism, introversion, and obsessionality compared to both manic patients and normal individuals.
    • Manic patients demonstrated increased obsessionality when compared to the normal control group.
    • No significant differences were found in other assessed personality traits between manic patients and normal individuals.

    Conclusions:

    • Neuroticism, introversion, and obsessionality are key premorbid personality characteristics associated with depressive disorders.
    • Obsessionality appears to be a distinguishing trait for both depressive and manic disorders relative to normal personality.
    • These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the personality underpinnings of affective disorders.