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Gender differences in pain

A H Vallerand1

  • 1University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, USA.

Image--The Journal of Nursing Scholarship
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

This review explores gender differences in pain perception and reporting. It highlights how beliefs about pain in women and men influence clinical pain management decisions.

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Area of Science:

  • Pain research
  • Gender studies
  • Clinical practice

Background:

  • Epidemiologic surveys and clinical studies suggest apparent gender differences in pain perception and response.
  • Women are anecdotally reported to have lower pain thresholds and tolerance than men.
  • The reasons for these differences, whether biological or behavioral (e.g., willingness to report pain), remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on gender differences in pain.
  • To examine how perceptions of gender and pain influence clinical pain treatment decisions by nurses.
  • To provide insights into the clinical implications of gender-related pain disparities.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of Medline, CINAHL, and Psych-Lit databases.
  • Keywords used included 'pain', 'gender', and 'sex'.
  • Focus on studies concerning epidemiology, experimentally-induced pain, and clinical pain settings, excluding animal models.

Main Results:

  • The review synthesizes findings on gender-based variations in pain epidemiology and clinical responses.
  • Identified disparities in pain thresholds and tolerance between genders.
  • Highlighted the impact of gender beliefs on healthcare providers' pain management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Beliefs about gender differences in pain significantly affect clinical practice, particularly nurses' treatment decisions.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the complex interplay of biological and psychosocial factors in gender-related pain experiences.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for equitable and effective pain management.

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