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Does smokeless tobacco cause hypertension?

E C Westman1

  • 1Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, NC 27705, USA.

Southern Medical Journal
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Smokeless tobacco use can acutely raise blood pressure and pulse. It may also contribute to chronic hypertension and sodium retention, impacting blood pressure control due to its nicotine, sodium, and licorice content.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Public Health
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Smokeless tobacco (ST) is a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding its cardiovascular effects is crucial for clinical practice and patient guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on the cardiovascular effects of smokeless tobacco use.
  • To synthesize findings on acute and chronic impacts on blood pressure and pulse.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MEDLINE (1966-1992) and bibliographies.
  • Inclusion of 12 pertinent articles from 875 initially identified.
  • Analysis of experimental and cross-sectional study designs.

Main Results:

  • 5 out of 6 experimental trials showed ST caused acute, significant elevations in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, or pulse.
  • 4 out of 6 cross-sectional studies indicated a weak association between ST use and chronic hypertension.
  • ST's effects on blood pressure can persist up to 90 minutes post-use.

Conclusions:

  • Smokeless tobacco use is linked to acute cardiovascular changes, including elevated blood pressure and pulse.
  • ST may contribute to chronic hypertension and negatively affect blood pressure management.
  • Healthcare providers should consider ST's nicotine, sodium, and licorice content as factors in sodium retention and poor blood pressure control.

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