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Related Experiment Videos

The changing face of tuberculosis

R E Huebner1, K G Castro

  • 1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

Annual Review of Medicine
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Tuberculosis (TB) cases are rising in the US since 1985, particularly among minorities and HIV-infected individuals. This resurgence, coupled with drug resistance, complicates efforts to control this global public health threat.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health issue, causing millions of cases and deaths annually.
  • US TB cases declined until 1985 but have since increased, with an estimated 64,000 excess cases by 1993.
  • Key affected groups include minorities, immigrants, children, and individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States.
  • To identify demographic and clinical factors contributing to the rise in TB cases.
  • To underscore the challenges in TB control due to increased incidence, HIV co-infection, and drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of tuberculosis case data in the US from 1953 to 1993.

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  • Comparison of observed TB rates with projected rates based on pre-1985 trends.
  • Identification of risk factors and demographic trends associated with TB increase.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in TB cases observed in the US after 1985, deviating from the previous decline.
    • Disproportionate increases noted in racial/ethnic minorities, foreign-born individuals, and children.
    • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection identified as a major risk factor, complicating diagnosis and treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • The resurgence of TB in the US is driven by factors including increased incidence in vulnerable populations and HIV co-infection.
    • The emergence of drug-resistant tuberculosis further complicates control efforts.
    • Successful TB control in the US faces significant challenges due to these multifaceted issues.