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Allogeneic killing by earthworm effector cells

M M Suzuki1, E L Cooper

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles 90024-1763, USA.

Natural Immunity
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Earthworm coelomocytes exhibit spontaneous allogeneic cytotoxicity, specifically targeting and killing non-self cells. This immune response, observed in Lumbricus terrestris, highlights the specificity of coelomocyte effector functions against foreign targets.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Zoology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Coelomocytes are key immune cells in invertebrates like earthworms.
  • Understanding invertebrate immune responses is crucial for comparative immunology.
  • Earthworm immune mechanisms, particularly cytotoxicity, require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spontaneous allogeneic cytotoxicity mediated by Lumbricus terrestris coelomocytes.
  • To determine the role of cell-cell contact in earthworm allogeneic cytotoxicity.
  • To assess the specificity of coelomocyte-mediated killing against self versus non-self targets.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three distinct assays: trypan blue exclusion, lactate dehydrogenase release, and chromium-51 release.
  • Examined cytotoxicity in pooled allogeneic coelomic fluid from different geographic locales.

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  • Employed haptenated target cells (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid) to assess specific recognition.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated significant spontaneous allogeneic cytotoxicity by Lumbricus terrestris coelomocytes.
    • Evidence suggests cell-cell contact is not essential for allogeneic cell killing.
    • Coelomocytes showed specific cytotoxicity against haptenated allogeneic targets but not autogeneic ones.

    Conclusions:

    • Earthworm coelomocytes function as effector cells capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating non-self targets.
    • The findings support a model of specific immune recognition and cytotoxicity in earthworms.
    • This study contributes to the understanding of innate immune specificity in invertebrates.