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Airway obstruction during exercise in asthma

O E Suman1, M A Babcock, D F Pegelow

  • 1John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53705-2368, USA.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|July 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Airway obstruction during exercise occurs in asthmatic individuals, particularly during longer exertion. This exercise-induced asthma complication is linked to increased breathing resistance and perceived breathlessness.

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Area of Science:

  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) is typically characterized by airway obstruction (AO) post-exercise.
  • However, many patients report respiratory distress during physical activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and characteristics of AO during exercise in asthmatic subjects.
  • To correlate physiological measures of airflow limitation with perceived dyspnea during varying exercise durations.

Main Methods:

  • Six asthmatic subjects underwent short (6 min) and long (20 min) exercise sessions.
  • Measurements included peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 50% vital capacity (Vmax50), expiratory and inspiratory pulmonary resistance (RLe, RLi), and rated perceived exertion (RPE).

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Main Results:

  • Significant decreases in PEF, FEV1, and Vmax50 were observed post-exercise for both durations.
  • Pulmonary resistance (RLi and RLe) increased significantly during the long exercise session (LX), indicating substantial airway obstruction.
  • During LX, PEF, FEV1, and Vmax50 decreased by 20.0%, 26.0%, and 17.7% respectively, while RLi and RLe increased by 74.0% and 53.0%.
  • Rated perceived exertion strongly correlated with inspiratory pulmonary resistance (r = 0.95) during exercise.

Conclusions:

  • Airway obstruction occurs during prolonged exercise in asthmatic individuals, not just post-exercise.
  • The development of dyspnea during exercise is directly associated with increased airway resistance.
  • These findings challenge the traditional view of EIA as solely a post-exercise phenomenon.