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1994 update on phlebography and varicography
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Straub Clinic & Hospital, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Summary
Phlebography and varicography are valuable diagnostic tools for venous diseases, complementing other tests. They help clarify complex cases of acute deep vein thrombosis and chronic venous insufficiency, guiding treatment decisions.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Imaging
- Diagnostic Radiology
Background:
- Definitive diagnosis is crucial for effective venous disease management.
- Phlebography and varicography serve as complementary diagnostic methods for acute and chronic venous conditions.
- These imaging techniques aid in evaluating venous function when less invasive tests are inconclusive.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline current indications for phlebography and varicography.
- To describe the techniques of ascending, descending phlebography, and varicography.
- To discuss the advantages and complications associated with these procedures.
Main Methods:
- Ascending phlebography detailed at foot, popliteal, and femoral levels.
- Varicography technique described.
- Descending phlebography procedure outlined.
- Brief discussion of potential complications.
Main Results:
- Advantages and complications are presented for each phlebographic method.
- The procedures are described in detail.
Conclusions:
- Phlebography is frequently used in acute venous thrombosis to define calf or iliac vein deep vein thrombosis or to clarify duplex scan findings.
- In chronic venous disease, phlebography clarifies complex superficial venous disease cases.
- It is also used to assess patients with advanced deep vein disease considered for venous reconstruction.