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Transmissible agent in non-A, non-B hepatitis

H J Alter, R H Purcell, P V Holland

    Lancet (London, England)
    |March 4, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study demonstrates that non-A, non-B hepatitis is caused by a transmissible agent. This agent can persist in a chronic carrier state, as shown by successful transmission to chimpanzees.

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Virology
    • Transfusion Medicine

    Background:

    • Post-transfusion hepatitis (P.T.H.) is a significant concern.
    • Non-A, non-B hepatitis accounts for a substantial portion of P.T.H. cases.
    • The causative agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis remained unidentified.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the transmissibility of the agent responsible for non-A, non-B hepatitis.
    • To determine if acute or chronic hepatitis cases could transmit the disease.
    • To establish an animal model for studying non-A, non-B hepatitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Inoculation of chimpanzees with plasma/serum from non-A, non-B hepatitis patients and a blood donor.
    • Monitoring chimpanzees for biochemical (Alanine Aminotransferase - ALT) and histological evidence of hepatitis.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Comparison of incubation periods and ALT levels between chimpanzees and human patients.
  • Serological testing for hepatitis A and B viruses.

    • Main Results:

    • Hepatitis developed in 5 out of 5 inoculated chimpanzees, confirmed by biochemical and histological data.
    • The mean incubation period in chimpanzees was 13.4 weeks.
    • Peak ALT levels in chimpanzees varied, with histological changes correlating to ALT elevation.
    • No evidence of hepatitis A or B was found; transmission occurred from both acute and chronic cases, suggesting a chronic carrier state.

    Conclusions:

    • Non-A, non-B hepatitis is caused by a transmissible agent.
    • The agent can persist in a chronic carrier state, potentially remaining infectious long-term.
    • Chimpanzees serve as a viable model for studying this transmissible hepatitis agent.