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Megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog

C M Pucheu-Haston1, A Camus, J Taboada

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge 70803-8410, USA.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|July 15, 1995
PubMed
Summary

A rare canine leukemia, megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), was diagnosed in a dog presenting with lameness and anemia. This myeloproliferative neoplasm involves abnormal megakaryocyte precursors in multiple organs.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Hematology
  • Canine Oncology

Background:

  • A 7-year-old Catahoula Leopard dog exhibited shifting forelimb lameness, anorexia, and lethargy.
  • Clinical signs included pyrexia, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia.

Observation:

  • Bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellularity with normal erythroid and granulocytic maturation.
  • A significant population of undifferentiated blast cells, identified as megakaryoblasts via immunohistochemistry (Factor VIII-related antigen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa reactivity), was noted.

Findings:

  • Necropsy confirmed diffuse neoplastic infiltration of the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes.
  • The neoplastic infiltrate comprised a mixture of megakaryoblasts and mature megakaryocytes.

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  • The condition was classified as megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7), a myeloproliferative neoplasm of megakaryocytic lineage.

    • Implications:

    • This case highlights the importance of immunohistochemistry in diagnosing rare leukemic subtypes in veterinary medicine.
    • Understanding megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) in dogs contributes to the broader knowledge of myeloproliferative neoplasms.
    • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for prognosis and potential therapeutic strategies in affected animals.