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Common origin of pigment cells

J T Bagnara, J Matsumoto, W Ferris

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |February 2, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Vertebrate pigment cells like melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores originate from a stem cell. A primordial organelle differentiates into specialized pigmentary organelles, explaining cell diversity.

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    Area of Science:

    • * Cell biology and developmental biology, focusing on vertebrate pigmentation.

    Background:

    • * Vertebrate skin coloration involves diverse pigment cells: melanophores (melanins), xanthophores (pteridines), and iridophores (purines).
    • * These cells contain specialized organelles: melanosomes, pterinosomes, and reflecting platelets, respectively.
    • * Observed mosaic pigment cells and organelles suggest a complex developmental origin.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To propose a unifying theory for the origin and differentiation of vertebrate pigment cells.
    • * To explain the presence of mosaic pigmentary structures.

    Main Methods:

    • * Review and synthesis of existing literature on pigment cell biology and organelle formation.
    • * Theoretical modeling of pigment cell differentiation pathways.

    Main Results:

    • * Identification of three primary pigment cell types and their associated organelles and pigments.
    • * Documentation of mosaic pigment cells and organelles.
    • * Proposal of a stem cell origin for pigment cells.

    Conclusions:

    • * Vertebrate pigment cells likely arise from a common stem cell.
    • * A primordial organelle, originating from the endoplasmic reticulum, is capable of differentiating into various pigmentary organelles.
    • * This differentiation model accounts for the diversity and mosaic nature of pigment cells.

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