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Related Experiment Videos

[Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)]

Y Sakagishi1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry (I), Saitama Medical School.

Nihon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a crucial enzyme found in animals and plants. Human ALT has two forms, cytosolic (c-ALT) and mitochondrial (m-ALT), with distinct roles in energy metabolism.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Enzymology

Context:

  • Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a pyridoxal enzyme catalyzing the reversible conversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate.
  • ALT is widely distributed across animal and plant tissues.
  • Human ALT exists as two isoenzymes: cytosolic (c-ALT) and mitochondrial (m-ALT), located in various tissues like the liver, kidney, and muscles.

Purpose:

  • To describe the enzymatic activity and tissue distribution of Alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
  • To differentiate the proposed metabolic roles of cytosolic and mitochondrial ALT isoenzymes.

Summary:

  • The enzyme Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) facilitates the interconversion of L-alanine and 2-oxoglutalate to pyruvate and L-glutamate.
  • The amino acid sequences of rat and human liver c-ALT have been determined.

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  • It is proposed that c-ALT participates in glycolysis via pyruvate utilization, while m-ALT is involved in gluconeogenesis through alanine to pyruvate conversion.

    • Impact:

    • Provides foundational knowledge on ALT structure and function.
    • Highlights the distinct metabolic roles of ALT isoenzymes in cellular energy pathways.
    • Contributes to understanding enzyme localization and its implications in metabolic processes.