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[ADH isoenzymes]
1Third Department of Internal Medicine, Hokkaido University Medical School.
Summary
This review covers alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes, including newly identified forms like class IV and ADH 6. It explores their properties and links to alcohol metabolism and abuse susceptibility.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Enzymology
- Genetics
Context:
- Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isoenzymes are crucial for alcohol metabolism.
- Previously, five subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, pi, chi) encoded by ADH 1-5 were known.
- Recent discoveries include a mammalian gastric ADH (class IV) and human ADH 6.
Purpose:
- To review current knowledge on ADH isoenzyme expression and catalytic properties.
- To explore the relationship between ADH isoenzyme polymorphism and individual differences in alcohol metabolism.
- To investigate the potential link between ADH isoenzyme variations and alcohol abuse liability.
Summary:
- ADH isoenzymes are classified into distinct groups based on enzymatic function.
- The known ADH subunits and genes have expanded with the identification of new classes and forms.
- This review synthesizes information on ADH isoenzyme characteristics and their implications.
Impact:
- Understanding ADH isoenzymes aids in comprehending individual variations in alcohol tolerance.
- Insights into ADH polymorphism may inform strategies for addressing alcohol-related health issues.
- This work provides a foundation for further research into alcohol metabolism and addiction.