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Updated: Aug 16, 2026

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques
Published on: June 11, 2019
Use of dynamic two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography for renal cell carcinoma with cavoatrial tumor
R C Eyre1, L J Hurley, A J Burger
1Department of Surgery (Urology), New England Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass, USA.
Abstract:
Renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena caval tumor thrombus extending to the level of the right atrium occurs in about 1% of all cases. Dynamic two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography is a minimally invasive safe technique that can demonstrate preoperatively the cephalad extent of the cavoatrial tumor thrombus with an accuracy that appears equal to or better than that of any other method currently available. When used intraoperatively, it provides invaluable data to aid in the anesthetic and surgical management of the patient, obviating the need for and potential risk of placing a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter before complete removal of the tumor thrombus.
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