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Mediastinal and cervical histoplasmosis simulating malignancy

C H Zeanah, J Zusman

    American Journal of Diseases of Children (1960)
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Histoplasmosis, an infectious disease, can mimic lymphoma by causing cervical and mediastinal masses in children. This case highlights the importance of considering infections in the differential diagnosis of pediatric masses.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
    • Medical Mycology
    • Diagnostic Imaging

    Background:

    • Anterior mediastinal masses in children can present diagnostic challenges.
    • Differential diagnosis often includes neoplastic and infectious etiologies.
    • Histoplasma capsulatum is a fungal pathogen endemic to certain regions.

    Observation:

    • A 12-year-old boy presented with a purulent cervical mass and an anterior mediastinal mass.
    • Imaging revealed masses in both the anterior cervical region and anterior mediastinum.
    • Cultures and histopathology confirmed Histoplasma capsulatum as the causative agent.

    Findings:

    • The cervical mass was likely a manifestation of disseminated histoplasmosis.
    • The pattern of involvement suggested spread along pathways similar to Hodgkin's disease.

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  • Infectious histoplasmosis presented with symptoms mimicking malignancy.
  • Implications:

    • Histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric anterior mediastinal and cervical masses.
    • This case underscores the importance of thorough infectious disease workup for pediatric masses.
    • Recognizing infectious mimics of malignancy is crucial for appropriate patient management and treatment.