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Nitric oxide: a synchronizing chemical messenger

M Anbar1

  • 1Department of Biophysical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY, Buffalo 14214, USA.

Experientia
|June 14, 1995
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Nitric oxide (NO), a chemical messenger, has a surprising biological role due to its non-specific nature. Its early evolution and properties suggest it synchronizes intracellular functions in eukaryotic cells.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is a widely recognized chemical messenger across biological systems.
  • Its chemical properties present challenges for specificity and control compared to other signaling molecules.
  • The extensive biological role of NO is notable given these characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the evolutionary origins and functional significance of nitric oxide (NO) as a biological messenger.
  • To understand why NO's function has been retained in eukaryotic cells despite its chemical properties.

Main Methods:

  • The study is primarily theoretical, analyzing the chemical properties of NO.
  • It reviews existing biological and evolutionary data on NO.

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  • Hypothesizes the functional advantages of NO based on its diffusion and reactivity.

    • Main Results:

    • Nitric oxide's (NO) biological function likely evolved early in anaerobic stages of life.
    • Its low molecular weight, neutrality, and limited water interaction facilitate rapid diffusion through cells and membranes.
    • NO can simultaneously influence multiple biochemical pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • The retention of NO in eukaryotic cells is attributed to its unique ability to act as an intracellular synchronizing messenger.
    • NO's capacity to affect numerous biochemical functions concurrently supports its essential role.
    • Its evolutionary persistence highlights its fundamental importance in cellular communication.