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The lens in diabetes

A J Bron1, J Sparrow, N A Brown

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oxford, UK.

Eye (London, England)
|January 1, 1993
PubMed
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Diabetes significantly increases cataract risk, especially in women over 50. While sugar alcohol accumulation explains juvenile diabetic cataracts, adult diabetic cataracts likely result from other factors like glycation and oxidative stress.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is associated with various ocular complications.
  • Cataract formation is a known complication, with increased incidence in diabetic individuals.
  • The exact mechanisms underlying diabetic cataracts are not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the changes occurring in the human lens in diabetes.
  • To explore the mechanisms contributing to diabetic cataract formation.
  • To discuss the implications of cataract occurrence in diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on human lens changes in diabetes.
  • Analysis of experimental models of sugar cataract.
  • Discussion of proposed mechanisms including osmotic, glycation, and oxidative stress pathways.

Related Experiment Videos

Main Results:

  • Diabetes causes refractive changes and increases lens thickness, curvature, light scattering, autofluorescence, and yellowing.
  • Cataract incidence is significantly higher in diabetics over 50, particularly women.
  • Osmotic mechanisms involving sugar alcohol accumulation explain juvenile cataracts but are less likely in adult diabetics due to low sorbitol levels.

Conclusions:

  • Adult diabetic cataracts share similarities with age-related cataracts.
  • Glycation and oxidative stress are potential alternative mechanisms for diabetic cataractogenesis.
  • Cataract occurrence in diabetics is a predictor of increased mortality.