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Depression in substance-dependent delinquents

P D Riggs1, S Baker, S K Mikulich

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA.

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|June 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Depressed delinquent boys with conduct disorder exhibit more substance dependence, earlier behavioral issues, and increased anxiety and trauma. Depression in these youths is not linked to substance intoxication.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Behavioral Science
  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

  • Conduct disorder (CD) frequently co-occurs with depression in adolescents.
  • Understanding the distinct characteristics of depressed youths with CD is crucial for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences between delinquent boys with conduct disorder (CD) who also have depression versus those without depression.
  • To identify specific comorbidities and developmental trajectories associated with comorbid depression in CD.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of 99 delinquent boys (aged 13-19) with CD and substance use disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children.
  • Assessment of depression, substance dependence, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders.

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Main Results:

  • Depressed boys with CD showed significantly higher rates of substance dependence, ADHD, PTSD, and anxiety disorders.
  • Onset of conduct symptoms was earlier in the depressed subgroup.
  • Depression scores remained unchanged after 4 weeks of abstinence, suggesting it is not solely due to substance intoxication.

Conclusions:

  • Depressed delinquents with CD present with a more complex clinical profile, including increased comorbidities and earlier behavioral problems.
  • Depression in this population appears independent of acute substance intoxication.
  • Combined psychiatric and substance abuse treatment is recommended for these youths.