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Chromosomal evolution in gazelles

M Vassart1, A Séguéla, H Hayes

  • 1Ecole Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Laboratoire de cytogénétique des Populations Animales, France.

The Journal of Heredity
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Karyotypic analysis of gazelle species reveals extensive chromosome-arm homoeologies and frequent X-autosome translocations, suggesting speciation via centric fusions. This study proposes a novel phylogenetic tree for Antilopinae, including Antilope cervicapra within the gazelle group.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Zoology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The Antilopinae subfamily, including gazelles, exhibits diverse karyotypes.
  • Understanding chromosomal evolution is crucial for resolving taxonomic relationships within this group.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare the karyotypes of nine gazelle species and two related Antilopinae species.
  • To construct a phylogenetic tree based on chromosomal data and compare it with morphological analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Fibroblast cultures were used to prepare chromosomes from nine gazelle species and two other Antilopinae species.
  • G- and C-band karyotypes were constructed, and autosomal arms were numbered following the cattle standard.
  • Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the generated karyotypic data.

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Main Results:

  • Diploid chromosome numbers varied significantly, ranging from 30 to 58.
  • Extensive chromosome-arm homoeologies were observed, but shared biarmed chromosomes were rare.
  • X-autosome translocations were common across the genus, with Y-autosome translocations noted in specific gazelle groups.
  • The proposed phylogenetic tree confirmed most morphological relationships and suggested the inclusion of Antilope cervicapra within the gazelle group, highlighting the close proximity of G. rufifrons and G. thomsoni.

Conclusions:

  • Evolution in gazelles likely occurred through speciation driven by monobrachial homology of centric fusions.
  • Karyotypic data provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history and taxonomy of Antilopinae.
  • The study refines the phylogenetic understanding of gazelles, integrating chromosomal evidence with existing morphological data.