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Stimulus-response compatibility for vertically oriented stimuli and horizontally oriented responses: evidence for

D J Weeks1, R W Proctor, B Beyak

  • 1Human Factors Lab, School of Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. A, Human Experimental Psychology
|May 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary
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Stimulus-response compatibility depends on spatial coding, not hand preference. Response location, not hand identity, determines mapping compatibility in spatial tasks.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research indicates asymmetric stimulus-response compatibility based on hand and hemispace.
  • The up-left/down-right mapping is generally more compatible than up-right/down-left for the left hand in the left hemispace, and vice-versa for the right hand.
  • Existing theories often attribute these effects to movement preferences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether hand identity or response location is the primary determinant of stimulus-response compatibility.
  • To differentiate between movement-preference and spatial-coding accounts of compatibility effects.
  • To examine the role of relative spatial coding in stimulus-response mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Experiment 1: Participants responded with either hand at locations in both left and right hemispaces to decouple hand identity from response location.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Experiment 2: Responses were made at the sagittal midline, with an inactive response switch positioned to the left or right to manipulate relative spatial coding.
  • Compatibility was assessed by comparing reaction times for different stimulus-response mappings.

    • Main Results:

    • Response location, rather than hand identity, was the critical factor influencing relative stimulus-response compatibility in Experiment 1.
    • Manipulating the relative location of the response switch in Experiment 2 also affected compatibility, mirroring the effects of physical location changes.
    • The magnitude of the effect in Experiment 2 was smaller than in Experiment 1, suggesting a graded influence of spatial coding.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings support a spatial-coding account of stimulus-response compatibility, challenging movement-preference theories.
    • Compatibility effects in tasks with orthogonally oriented stimulus and response sets are primarily driven by the spatial representation of responses.
    • Understanding spatial coding is crucial for designing intuitive and efficient human-computer interfaces and interaction paradigms.