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The effects of visual input on open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms

J J Collins1, C J De Luca

  • 1NeuroMuscular Research Center, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.

Experimental Brain Research
|January 1, 1995
PubMed
Summary

Visual input influences upright stance control by altering either open-loop or closed-loop mechanisms, affecting musculoskeletal stiffness. This study reveals two distinct ways the visual system integrates into postural control for balance.

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Area of Science:

  • Human motor control
  • Postural stability
  • Systems neuroscience

Background:

  • Previous research proposed open-loop and closed-loop control mechanisms regulate upright stance.
  • The role of visual input in modulating these control mechanisms requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how visual input affects the operational characteristics of open-loop and closed-loop postural control mechanisms.
  • To investigate the integration of the visual system into the human postural control system.

Main Methods:

  • Stabilogram-diffusion analysis applied to center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories during quiet standing.
  • Comparison of postural control under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions in 25 healthy males.
  • Analysis of COP data as one-dimensional and two-dimensional random walks.

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Main Results:

  • Visual input impacted postural control in two distinct ways, affecting either open-loop or closed-loop mechanisms.
  • Group 1 (13/25 subjects): Visual input decreased stochastic activity of open-loop mechanisms (mediolateral & anteroposterior).
  • Group 2 (12/25 subjects): Visual input increased stochastic activity of closed-loop mechanisms (anteroposterior only).

Conclusions:

  • The visual system integrates into postural control via two distinct schemes, influencing musculoskeletal stiffness.
  • These schemes involve either reduced muscular activity (open-loop) or reduced feedback gains (closed-loop).
  • Both groups exhibited similar behavior under eyes-closed conditions, indicating reliance on non-visual feedback.